LIST OF BASIC & IMPORTANT UNIX/LINUX COMMANDS OVERVIEW
 |
| Linux |
FILES
1.ls
Will shows all the files present in the present working directory
2.ls-a
will shows all the files present in cdw and also hidden files
3.mkdir filename
It creates the directory
4.cd filename
It changes the pwd
5.cd ..
Changes to parent directory.
6.pwd
Present wokring directory
7.ls ~/somename
It will shows the things in that folder
8.ls ~/..
It would list the home directory
9.cp
copy files
10. cp /var/is/okp/ .
copying the file from that dir to (.) present directory
11. cp /var/is/okp/(source) ma/nim/opmn(dest)
copying the file from that dir to next
12.mv
same as cpoy but it moves the file..!
13.clear
clears everthing on the terminal
14.cat
cat used to open the file and to see the contents of the file.
15.less
we can edit the file contents ...!
16.head
This writes the first ten lines of a file on to the screen
17.tail
This gives the last 10 lines of the file
we can also write
head -5 one.txt - Then it shows only top 5
for tail also it repeats....!
18.grep
To search..!
grep word file - It searches the word in file and prints the word matches
19.grep -i 'word' file
20.grep -ivc 'word' file - that check total matches
21.grep -v 'word' file - That do not match.
22.grep -n 'word' file - the line number
23.grep -c 'word' file - Total count of matched lines
24.wc
word count
wc -w one.txt - no of lines contains words
wc -l one.txt - Total no of lines
*Redirecting output:
25.cat > filename
used to create the file ... and then followed by contents to be added then pressing ctrl+d then it saves and stops.
*Appending:
26.cat >> filename
To append contents to the file.
27.cat file1 file2 > newfile
It concats and joins the contents of the both files to single file.
*Redirecting Input
28.sort and sort < filename
To sort the contents of the file...!
29.sort < biglist > slist
Here the contents of the biglist file is sorted and given to slist.
*Pipes
30.who - To see whs on the system.
31.who > name.txt
This command will creates new file with list of users as content.
32.cat file1 fil2 | grep p | sort
This finds all the lines that contains 'p' and prints the sorted
result.
*Wild cards
33.ls list*
It lists all the files starting with ls.
34.ls *list
It lists all the files ending with ls.
35.ls ?list
It matches all the files that start with one letter and then the
ending pettern is the things.
*On-line manuals.
36. man wc
It gives the manual of the command.
37.whatis wc
It gives online description of the command.
38. apropos keyword
When we are not sure about the command then we can use this it give
the list of commands with that name.
*File system security (access rights)
39.ls -l(l for long listing!)
It gives the list of the files with access rights and all then det
like time and name.
40.right
4 - read
2 - write
1- execute.
rwx-rwx-rwx => 777 => full permission.
rw--r----w- => 642 =>some acces given
41.tar - exracting the tar file by this command
tar -xvf filename - Just to extract.
tar -zxvf filename - To extract to current dir.
tar -/myfolder -xvf filename - To extarct to another dir.,
*Changing access rights.
42.chmod
u - user , g - group , o - other , a - all , r - read, w- write , x - execute , + - add permission , - - take permission.
43.chmod go-rwx filename
This will leave the other permission unaffected.
it makes 700
44.chmod a+rw filename.
it gives the read and write permisson of biflist to all
"Main thing -
Owner(read,write,execute) Group(read,w,exe) all(read , write , exe)"
same as -rwx-rwx-rxw (owner , group , user)
*Process and Jobs
45.ps (process status)
List of processes
46.sleep 100
It waits for 100 msec and then it returns to the commnad prompt
47.bg
It gives the background processes.
48.jobs
It gives the job details like weather the process is running , background , suspend.
49.fg %jobnumber.
To restart foreground process.
50.kill
To terminate or signal a process.
51.quota
we can check the quota via this command.
quota -v
52.df .
space left on the file system.
53.du -s *
It checks the number of kb that each sub directory uses
and s will display only a summary (total size) and * means all
files and directory.
54.gzip
It reduces the size of a file, thus freeing valuable disk space.
ls -l one.txt
It gives the details abt the file.
using gzip and file name - We can zip a file.
55.zcat
will read the contents of the file without unzipping
56.file *
This gives the list of files and their types.
57.diff file1 file2
It specifies the difference between the 2 files.
58.find . -name "*.txt" -print
This prints the lsit of files who ends with .txt extension
59.find . -size +1M -ls
Prints the list of files whose size > than 1M
*History
60.history
Shows command history list
61.!!(recall last command).
62.!-3(recall third most command).
63.!5 (recall 5th command in list).
64.!grep(recall last command from starting with grep)
65.set history = 100
It increases the size of the history buffer.
*Compiling unix sw packages
66.compiling
./configure
make
make check - to run self-tests that come with package
make install - to install the programs and any data files and documentation
make clean - That is for optional
67.mkdir download
creating download folder
and then by using wget we can downlaod the wanted things
68.extracting source code
cd download
ls -l
69.gunzip units-1.74.tar.gz
70.tar -xvf units*
./configure
make
make check
make install
To rename a file ->
mv file1 file2
To copy folders
sudo cp -R source_path dest_path
Deleting the non-empty dir
rm -rf dirname
71.cd ~/untis174
Running the SW
72.file units
shows the contents of this file..!
73.strip units
ls -l
for doing this we have to install strip first...!
74.passwd
Gives the password and also to change password.
75.cal
Gives the calender of this month
76.whoami
This command used to find who are u ?
77.who
This gives the user and also the pid
78.users
Gives the list of the users who logged in currently
79.w
This will gives the list of the users with their total details like from
login time to pid etc...
*Shutting down:
80.halt
Brings the system down immediately
81.init 0
Powers the system down and cleans the system before shutting dwn
82.init 6
Reboots off the system using scripts and then will be completely backup.
83.poweroff:
shuts the system with poweroff
84.Shutdown
shuts the system
Files and Dir -2
85.ls
ls -l ,ls -d,ls -p,ls -s,ls -c
ls -p shows the dir files also and ls -l shows all and ls -s is the
socket for IPC.
86.ls -a
It displays all the hidden files in that dir or path.
87.ls file*.doc
displays all the file that starts with file and extension doc.
88.cat -b filename
It gives the content of the file including the line number
89.wc filename
It gives the output like
2 13 144 filename
first col represents - No of lines
Second colrepresents - No of words in file
Third col represents - Total no of bytes in file
Fourth col rpresents - represents the filename
90.wc file1 file2 file3
We can give the details of those 3 files in details and then total.
Important unix/linuxcommands that a web-developer should know!!
1.ln -s /some/dest name_of_link
2.tail -f /some/file
Gives the last 5 lines of the file.
3.ctrl+z and bg
It tells the process to suspend where as ctr+c will terminate.
4.fg and jobs
fg - It gives the recent command
jobs - It gives the list of jobs.
5.Pressing 2 tabs is like to find the simimlar commands.
6.scp - This is a secure copy for data transfer.
7.Top - Moniters server process by using this command.
8.tail -reviewng last lines of file
9.find -finding word writible files.
10.tar cpzf -to backupdirectorues
11.more - viewing command history
12.ls -al -> Creating command alias.
1.ls
Will shows all the files present in the present working directory
2.ls-a
will shows all the files present in cdw and also hidden files
3.mkdir filename
It creates the directory
4.cd filename
It changes the pwd
5.cd ..
Changes to parent directory.
6.pwd
Present wokring directory
7.ls ~/somename
It will shows the things in that folder
8.ls ~/..
It would list the home directory
9.cp
copy files
10. cp /var/is/okp/ .
copying the file from that dir to (.) present directory
11. cp /var/is/okp/(source) ma/nim/opmn(dest)
copying the file from that dir to next
12.mv
same as cpoy but it moves the file..!
13.clear
clears everthing on the terminal
14.cat
cat used to open the file and to see the contents of the file.
15.less
we can edit the file contents ...!
16.head
This writes the first ten lines of a file on to the screen
17.tail
This gives the last 10 lines of the file
we can also write
head -5 one.txt - Then it shows only top 5
for tail also it repeats....!
18.grep
To search..!
grep word file - It searches the word in file and prints the word matches
19.grep -i 'word' file
20.grep -ivc 'word' file - that check total matches
21.grep -v 'word' file - That do not match.
22.grep -n 'word' file - the line number
23.grep -c 'word' file - Total count of matched lines
24.wc
word count
wc -w one.txt - no of lines contains words
wc -l one.txt - Total no of lines
*Redirecting output:
25.cat > filename
used to create the file ... and then followed by contents to be added then pressing ctrl+d then it saves and stops.
*Appending:
26.cat >> filename
To append contents to the file.
27.cat file1 file2 > newfile
It concats and joins the contents of the both files to single file.
*Redirecting Input
28.sort and sort < filename
To sort the contents of the file...!
29.sort < biglist > slist
Here the contents of the biglist file is sorted and given to slist.
*Pipes
30.who - To see whs on the system.
31.who > name.txt
This command will creates new file with list of users as content.
32.cat file1 fil2 | grep p | sort
This finds all the lines that contains 'p' and prints the sorted
result.
*Wild cards
33.ls list*
It lists all the files starting with ls.
34.ls *list
It lists all the files ending with ls.
35.ls ?list
It matches all the files that start with one letter and then the
ending pettern is the things.
*On-line manuals.
36. man wc
It gives the manual of the command.
37.whatis wc
It gives online description of the command.
38. apropos keyword
When we are not sure about the command then we can use this it give
the list of commands with that name.
*File system security (access rights)
39.ls -l(l for long listing!)
It gives the list of the files with access rights and all then det
like time and name.
40.right
4 - read
2 - write
1- execute.
rwx-rwx-rwx => 777 => full permission.
rw--r----w- => 642 =>some acces given
41.tar - exracting the tar file by this command
tar -xvf filename - Just to extract.
tar -zxvf filename - To extract to current dir.
tar -/myfolder -xvf filename - To extarct to another dir.,
*Changing access rights.
42.chmod
u - user , g - group , o - other , a - all , r - read, w- write , x - execute , + - add permission , - - take permission.
43.chmod go-rwx filename
This will leave the other permission unaffected.
it makes 700
44.chmod a+rw filename.
it gives the read and write permisson of biflist to all
"Main thing -
Owner(read,write,execute) Group(read,w,exe) all(read , write , exe)"
same as -rwx-rwx-rxw (owner , group , user)
*Process and Jobs
45.ps (process status)
List of processes
46.sleep 100
It waits for 100 msec and then it returns to the commnad prompt
47.bg
It gives the background processes.
48.jobs
It gives the job details like weather the process is running , background , suspend.
49.fg %jobnumber.
To restart foreground process.
50.kill
To terminate or signal a process.
51.quota
we can check the quota via this command.
quota -v
52.df .
space left on the file system.
53.du -s *
It checks the number of kb that each sub directory uses
and s will display only a summary (total size) and * means all
files and directory.
54.gzip
It reduces the size of a file, thus freeing valuable disk space.
ls -l one.txt
It gives the details abt the file.
using gzip and file name - We can zip a file.
55.zcat
will read the contents of the file without unzipping
56.file *
This gives the list of files and their types.
57.diff file1 file2
It specifies the difference between the 2 files.
58.find . -name "*.txt" -print
This prints the lsit of files who ends with .txt extension
59.find . -size +1M -ls
Prints the list of files whose size > than 1M
*History
60.history
Shows command history list
61.!!(recall last command).
62.!-3(recall third most command).
63.!5 (recall 5th command in list).
64.!grep(recall last command from starting with grep)
65.set history = 100
It increases the size of the history buffer.
*Compiling unix sw packages
66.compiling
./configure
make
make check - to run self-tests that come with package
make install - to install the programs and any data files and documentation
make clean - That is for optional
67.mkdir download
creating download folder
and then by using wget we can downlaod the wanted things
68.extracting source code
cd download
ls -l
69.gunzip units-1.74.tar.gz
70.tar -xvf units*
./configure
make
make check
make install
To rename a file ->
mv file1 file2
To copy folders
sudo cp -R source_path dest_path
Deleting the non-empty dir
rm -rf dirname
71.cd ~/untis174
Running the SW
72.file units
shows the contents of this file..!
73.strip units
ls -l
for doing this we have to install strip first...!
74.passwd
Gives the password and also to change password.
75.cal
Gives the calender of this month
76.whoami
This command used to find who are u ?
77.who
This gives the user and also the pid
78.users
Gives the list of the users who logged in currently
79.w
This will gives the list of the users with their total details like from
login time to pid etc...
*Shutting down:
80.halt
Brings the system down immediately
81.init 0
Powers the system down and cleans the system before shutting dwn
82.init 6
Reboots off the system using scripts and then will be completely backup.
83.poweroff:
shuts the system with poweroff
84.Shutdown
shuts the system
Files and Dir -2
85.ls
ls -l ,ls -d,ls -p,ls -s,ls -c
ls -p shows the dir files also and ls -l shows all and ls -s is the
socket for IPC.
86.ls -a
It displays all the hidden files in that dir or path.
87.ls file*.doc
displays all the file that starts with file and extension doc.
88.cat -b filename
It gives the content of the file including the line number
89.wc filename
It gives the output like
2 13 144 filename
first col represents - No of lines
Second colrepresents - No of words in file
Third col represents - Total no of bytes in file
Fourth col rpresents - represents the filename
90.wc file1 file2 file3
We can give the details of those 3 files in details and then total.
Important unix/linuxcommands that a web-developer should know!!
1.ln -s /some/dest name_of_link
2.tail -f /some/file
Gives the last 5 lines of the file.
3.ctrl+z and bg
It tells the process to suspend where as ctr+c will terminate.
4.fg and jobs
fg - It gives the recent command
jobs - It gives the list of jobs.
5.Pressing 2 tabs is like to find the simimlar commands.
6.scp - This is a secure copy for data transfer.
7.Top - Moniters server process by using this command.
8.tail -reviewng last lines of file
9.find -finding word writible files.
10.tar cpzf -to backupdirectorues
11.more - viewing command history
12.ls -al -> Creating command alias.
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