GENERATING PUBLIC & PRIVATE KEY

GENERATING KEYS


In linux we can create public and private key

STEP 1 : Checking the ssh directory. So Just open the terminal and then type the below command

$ cd ~/.ssh

If the directory is present then you will get into it , now it is easy to create apair of public and private keys with just one command

$ ssh-keygen
$ Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase]
# Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]

Hence your public key and private keys are generated. Just check them by typing the following commmand.

$ ls -l

Now you will find the files like  id_rsa , id_rsa.pub , known_hosts.

id_rsa       : Private key
id_rsa.pub : Public key

Hence your keys successfully generated

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TASK MANAGER IN LINUX

WE CAN FIND THE RUNNING PROCESS AND CAN KILL THEM BY FOLLOWING 2 STEPS

STEP 1 : Type "TOP" command in terminal.

$ sudo -s
$ [sudo] password for username : (type your password here)
$ top

It will give the list of processes running with process id , name , time , memory usage etc.

STEP 2 : Find the particular process and then it's respective id.Let us assume the process id as 12043 , then command goes like this

$ kill 12043

   By this we can kill/stop/abort a running process/hanged process.

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NODE.JS - PART 2 (DOWNLOAD & INSTALL)

NODE.JS

First we need to download NODE.JS
Version : v0.10.29

Download Links:

Windows Installer (.msi)
  32-bit    Click here  
  64-bit    Click here

Windows Binary (.exe)
  32-bit    Click here  
  64-bit    Click here

Mac OS X Installer (.pkg)
  Universal  Click here

Mac OS X Binaries (.tar.gz)
  32-bit       Click here
  64-bit       Click here

Linux Binaries (.tar.gz)
  32-bit      Click here
  64-bit      Click here

IN LINUX & MAC

After downloading go to the folder containing the node's tar.gz file (Downloaded file)

Run these commands:

1.Extarct the tar.gz file

$ tar -xzf node-v0.10.29.tar.gz

2.Go to the extarcted folder

$ cd node-v0.10.29.

3.The configure and install

  $ ./configure
  $ sudo make install




Successfully installed node in Linux

IN WINDOWS

Directly we can install the .exe file or .msi file , here the entire installation is in the similar way of installing a software.

After installtion we will get two things

1.Node.js Command prompt

 

2.Node.exe

Successfully installed node in your windows.

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UNIX/LINUX COMMANDS OVERVIEW

LIST OF BASIC & IMPORTANT UNIX/LINUX COMMANDS OVERVIEW

Linux 

 FILES

1.ls 
 Will shows all the files present in the present working directory
2.ls-a
 will shows all the files present in cdw and also hidden files
3.mkdir filename
 It creates the directory 
4.cd filename
 It changes the pwd
5.cd ..
 Changes to parent directory.
6.pwd 
 Present wokring directory
7.ls ~/somename
 It will shows the things in that folder
8.ls ~/..
 It would list the home directory
9.cp 
  copy files 
10. cp /var/is/okp/ .
  copying the file from that dir to (.) present directory 
11. cp /var/is/okp/(source) ma/nim/opmn(dest)
  copying the file from that dir to next  
12.mv
  same as cpoy but it moves the file..!
13.clear
  clears everthing on the terminal
14.cat
  cat used to open the file and to see the contents of the file.
15.less 
  we can edit the file contents ...! 
16.head 
  This writes the first ten lines of a file on to the screen
17.tail
  This gives the last 10 lines of the file
we can also write 
  head -5 one.txt - Then it shows only top 5
 for tail also it repeats....!
18.grep
  To search..!
  grep word file - It searches the word in file and prints the word    matches

19.grep -i 'word' file
20.grep -ivc 'word' file     -  that check total matches
21.grep -v 'word' file       -  That do not match.
22.grep -n 'word' file       - the line number
23.grep -c 'word' file       - Total count of matched lines

24.wc 
  word count
  wc -w one.txt      -  no of lines contains words
  wc -l one.txt      -  Total no of lines

*Redirecting output:

25.cat > filename  
  used to create the file ... and then followed by contents to be  added then pressing ctrl+d then it saves and stops.

*Appending:

26.cat >> filename
  To append contents to the file.
27.cat file1 file2 > newfile
  It concats and joins the contents of the both files to single file.

*Redirecting Input

28.sort and sort < filename
  To sort the contents of the file...! 
29.sort < biglist > slist
  Here the contents of the biglist file is sorted and given to slist.

*Pipes

30.who - To see whs on the system.
31.who > name.txt 
   This command will creates new file with list of users as content.
32.cat file1 fil2 | grep p | sort
   This finds all the lines that contains 'p' and prints the sorted 
   result.

*Wild cards

33.ls list*
   It lists all the files starting with ls.
34.ls *list
   It lists all the files ending with ls.
35.ls ?list
   It matches all the files that start with one letter and then the  
   ending pettern is the things.

*On-line manuals.

36. man wc
    It gives the manual of the command.
37.whatis wc
    It gives online description of the command.
38. apropos keyword
    When we are not sure about the command then we can use this it give
    the list of commands with that name.

*File system security (access rights)

39.ls -l(l for long listing!)
   It gives the list of the files with access rights and all then det
   like time and name.
40.right
   4 - read
   2 - write
   1- execute.
   rwx-rwx-rwx => 777 => full permission.
   rw--r----w- => 642 =>some acces given

41.tar - exracting the tar file by this command 
   tar -xvf filename    -  Just to extract.
   tar -zxvf filename   -  To extract to current dir.
   tar -/myfolder -xvf filename  -  To extarct to another dir.,

*Changing access rights.

42.chmod 
    u - user , g - group , o - other , a - all , r - read, w- write , x - execute , + - add permission , - - take permission.
43.chmod go-rwx filename
   This will leave the other permission unaffected.
   it makes 700
44.chmod a+rw filename.
   it gives the read and write permisson of biflist to all

"Main thing -  
Owner(read,write,execute) Group(read,w,exe) all(read , write , exe)"
same as  -rwx-rwx-rxw (owner , group , user)

*Process and Jobs
45.ps (process status)
   List of processes
46.sleep 100
   It waits for 100 msec and then it returns to the commnad prompt
47.bg
   It gives the background processes.
48.jobs
   It gives the job details like weather the process is running , background , suspend.
49.fg %jobnumber.
   To restart foreground process.
50.kill
   To terminate or signal a process.

51.quota
   we can check the quota via this command. 
   quota -v
52.df .
   space left on the file system.
53.du -s *
   It checks the number of kb that each sub directory uses 
   and s will display only a summary (total size) and * means all 
   files and directory.
54.gzip
   It reduces the size of a file, thus freeing valuable disk space.
   ls -l one.txt
   It gives the details abt the file.
   using gzip and file name - We can zip a file.
55.zcat
   will read the contents of the file without unzipping 

56.file * 
   This gives the list of files and their types.
57.diff file1 file2
   It specifies the difference between the 2 files.
58.find . -name "*.txt" -print
   This prints the lsit of files who ends with .txt extension
59.find . -size +1M -ls
   Prints the list of files whose size > than 1M

*History

60.history
   Shows command history list
61.!!(recall last command).
62.!-3(recall third most command).
63.!5 (recall 5th command in list).
64.!grep(recall last command from starting with grep)
65.set history = 100
   It increases the size of the history buffer.

*Compiling unix sw packages

66.compiling 
   ./configure
    make 
    make check - to run self-tests that come with package
    make install - to install the programs and any data files and documentation
    make clean -  That is for optional 

67.mkdir download 
   creating download folder
   and then by using wget we can downlaod the wanted things
68.extracting source code
   cd download 
   ls -l
69.gunzip units-1.74.tar.gz
70.tar -xvf units*
   ./configure
   make 
   make check
   make install 

To rename a file ->
   mv file1 file2
To copy folders
   sudo cp -R source_path dest_path
Deleting the non-empty dir
   rm -rf dirname

71.cd ~/untis174
   Running the SW
72.file units
   shows the contents of this file..! 
73.strip units 
   ls -l
   for doing this we have to install strip first...! 
74.passwd
   Gives the password and also to change password.
75.cal
   Gives the calender of this month
76.whoami
   This command used to find who are u ? 
77.who 
   This gives the user and also the pid
78.users
   Gives the list of the users who logged in currently
79.w
   This will gives the list of the users with their total details like from
   login time to pid etc...

*Shutting down:

80.halt
   Brings the system down immediately
81.init 0 
   Powers the system down and cleans the system before shutting dwn
82.init 6
   Reboots off the system using scripts and then will be completely backup.
83.poweroff:
   shuts the system with poweroff
84.Shutdown 
   shuts the system

Files and Dir -2 

85.ls
   ls -l ,ls -d,ls -p,ls -s,ls -c
   ls -p shows the dir files also and ls -l shows all and ls -s is the   
   socket for IPC.
86.ls -a
   It displays all the hidden files in that dir or path. 
87.ls file*.doc
   displays all the file that starts with file and extension doc.
88.cat -b filename
   It gives the content of the file including the line number
89.wc filename
   It gives the output like 
   2 13 144 filename
   first col represents - No of lines
   Second colrepresents - No of words in file
   Third col represents - Total no of bytes in file
   Fourth col rpresents - represents the filename
90.wc file1 file2 file3
   We can give the details of those 3 files in details and then total.


Important unix/linuxcommands that a web-developer should know!!

1.ln -s /some/dest name_of_link
2.tail -f /some/file
  Gives the last 5 lines of the file.
3.ctrl+z and bg
  It tells the process to suspend where as ctr+c  will terminate.
4.fg and jobs
  fg - It gives the recent command
  jobs - It gives the list of jobs.
5.Pressing 2 tabs is like to find the simimlar commands.
6.scp - This is a secure copy for data transfer.
7.Top - Moniters server process by using this command.
8.tail -reviewng last lines of file
9.find -finding word writible files.
10.tar cpzf -to backupdirectorues 
11.more - viewing command history
12.ls -al  -> Creating command alias.

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CODEIGNITER - 1 (INTRODUCTION)

Introduction 

CodeIgniter is developed by EllisLab, Inc.
It is completely written in PHP.

Hence it is a powerful PHP framework also called(FULLY BAKED PHP FRAMEWORK) , built for PHP developers with a very small footprint and to the developers  who need a simple , elegant , well-structured toolkit to create full-featured PHP web applications. CodeIgniter might be a good fit for the developers who were tired of hosting accounts and undocumented frameworks.


MVC - MODEL , VIEW , CONTROLLER

1.This CodeIgniter is based on MVC development pattern.
2.Almost zero configuration framework.
3.Well documented framework.

Model : It represents the data structures , typically model classes will
contain functions which were to retrieve , insert and update information in database.

View : This is the GUI part , where the information here will be presented to a user. A view is normally called a web page , but here in this CI a view can also be a page fragment like header, footer and any other page.

Controller : The controller serves as an intermediatary betweenn the model , view and another other resources needed to process the HTTP Request and generate a web page.


Working with MVC requires a clear knowledge of OOPs concepts.The basic features of OOPs are:

Object-Oriented Programming: It is a methodology or paradigm which is used to develop/design a program using classes and objects.Which simplifies the huge or real world projects.

1.Object
2.Class
3.Inheritance
4.Polymorphism
5.Abstraction
6.Encapsulation.


Object : Any real world entity which has state & behaviour is called object and it may be anything either physical object or logical object.

Class : Collection of objects is called class.It is a logical entity.

Inheritence : When an object acquires the features of another object then it is called inheritence it provides code resuablility and by which it achieves run-time polymorphism.

Polymorphism: When one thing is used in different ways then it is called polymorphism , like  '+' operator performs addition operation and also concation operation in case of strings.

Abstraction : This is nothing but called hiding the code complexity , means it hides the code,internal details and shows only the functionality.

Ex: Car - we can see the shape and outer part of car but not the working of the engiene. It is called abstraction.

Encapsulation : Combining/Binding code + data = single unit is called encapsulation.
ex: Java class is an example of encapsulation.






Working with CodeIgniter will be continued in next Post.

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CERTIFICATIONS IN ETHICAL HACKING AND NETWORKING

Certification helps to improve knowledge in relevant field ,

Ethical Hacking

1. CPTC – Certified Penetration Testing Consultant
2. CPTE – Certified Penetration Testing Engineer
3. CompTIA – Security+
4. CSTA – Certified Security Testing Associate
5. GPEN – GIAC Certified Penetration Tester
6. OSCP – Offensive Security Certified Professional
7. CEH – Certified Ethical Hacker
8. ECSA – EC-Council Certified Security Analyst
9. CEPT – Certified Expert Penetration Tester


Networking

1.Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) +
2.CompTIA A++ (nw installation , maintenance , implement security and troubleshoot prblms)
3.Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) +  (Operation,installation,tbs LANS,WANS)
4.Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) +
5.Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) Voice+


* http://www.concise-courses.com/security/certifications-list/
* http://www.business2community.com/books/top-7-certified-ethical-hacker-certification-books-for-it-professionals-0404564

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STREAMS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

Hi guyz,

I wanna give you a detailed overview about the  list of streams in computer science which will be helpful and useful for the students of cse , where they can choose their stream and can work on that from the beginning of their course.

Here is the list:

1.Programming 

Programming
1.C    -  (The base and most important for entire cse)
2.JAVA
3.C++ (optional)

Pointers , Data structures & Algorithms are very very very important!!!!!

Editors 
C ,C++ : C-Editor.
Java  : 1. JDK , JRE required and new versions more preferble.
             2.download these , install and set path
             3. complie and run using command prompt.

2.Web designing. 
    2.1 Static websites designing.
    2.2 Blogging
    2.3 Social networking profile  maintenance.

Languages

1. HTML - (Most important and basic language for web...!!)
2. CSS
3. JAVASCRIPT
4.JQUERY
5.AJAX.
6.XML. - (eXtensible Markup Language)

flash:
SWiSH Max2
Abode flash
macromedia flash

Blogging - Something on your interest.
yourname.blogspot.com 
1. Blogger (www.blogger.com)
2.wordpress(www.wordpress.com)
3.weebly (www.weebly.com)
4. wix (www.wix.com)
5.hpage(www.hpage.com)

Open cms
1.Joomla
2.zencart
3.drupal.

3.Web application development.
   Web application development:

Creating dynamic webpages ....
interactive pages which includes the server ..(databases and backend).

1.Selecting the concept and developing a small blueprint.
2.Choosing languages reqired and database.

Languages:
1.PHP (The most famous  highly used scripting language now a days).
2.PERL
3.PYTHON
4.JSP
5.ASP.NET

Databases:
1.MYSQL
2.SQLite
3.ORACLE 10G
4.MS ACCESS
5.Microsoft SQL Server Express.

    

      


4.Mobile Application 
     4.1 Andriod application - java in ECLIPSE
     4.2 Windows application - .net in VISUAL STUDIO
     4.3 ios application -  Objective C
  App for Android
1. Eclipse.
2. Creating workspace
3. Java (Heart of android)


App for IOS  -
Apple laptop with MAC OS Must
Softwares requires
 - XCode and in Objective C.
http://www.appcoda.com/ios-programming-course/
Xcode.

Windows  -
1. Visual studio and c#
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-in/windows/apps/br211386.aspx
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh986965.aspx

Game Development
http://www.gametutorials.com/
http://gamedevelopment.tutsplus.com/
http://gamedevelopment.tutsplus.com/articles/fantastic-gamedev-tutorials-from-across-the-web--gamedev-3384

5.Game development
    5.1 Game with java , c , c++
    5.2 Browser game develpment.
    5.3 Mobile game development
  

6.Ethical Hacking
    OS - Windows ,Mac ,  Linux etc.
    5.1 Website hacks
    5.2 Virus
    5.3 Network hacking
    5.4 Security
    5.5 Certifications

More Details : Click here

    

7.Networking 
    5.1 Networks
    5.2 Certifications.

    

Certification Details : Click here

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